Journal of Management and Muamalah http://jmm.kuisjournal.com/index.php/jurnal <p>The Journal of Management and Muamalah is a refereed journal published by Faculty of Management &amp; Muamalah, International Islamic University College Selangor. This Journal is committed to the advancement of scholarly research, knowledge and innovations in all the areas of management and business. Contribution of articles is sought from all functional areas of social science such as economics, marketing, management, finance, accounting, human resource development and muamalah, Islamic commercial transactions, conventional and Islamic business and management, linguistics, communication and mass media.</p> <p>e-Journal Management and Muamalah is published biannually (<strong>June</strong> and <strong>November</strong>).</p> <p><img src="https://jmm.kuis.edu.my/public/site/images/adminjmm/mcc.jpg" alt="" width="199" height="81" /><img src="https://jmm.kuis.edu.my/public/site/images/adminjmm/gs.jpg" alt="" width="199" height="81" /><img src="https://jmm.kuis.edu.my/public/site/images/adminjmm/info3.jpg" alt="" width="199" height="81" /></p> Penerbit KUIS en-US Journal of Management and Muamalah 1985-1170 Kepentingan Memahami Konsep Halalan Tayyiban dalam Aspek Keselamatan Makanan di Kalangan Mahasiswa Muslim: Pandangan daripada Perspektif Maqasid Syariah Memelihara Nyawa http://jmm.kuisjournal.com/index.php/jurnal/article/view/126 <p>Kepentingan memahami konsep halalan tayyiban merupakan suatu kewajipan kepada setiap individu muslim. Kepentingan terhadap kefahaman ini tidak terkecuali kepada golongan mahasiswa muslim di pusat-pusat pengajian tinggi dalam negara. Faktor kesuntukan masa dan produk tular antara punca mahasiswa cenderung untuk mendapatkan makanan dengan cepat, pantas, sedap dan mengikut trend terkini. Makanan yang menepati kriteria halalan tayyiban dapat memenuhi keperluan badan bagi mengekalkan kesihatan dan terhindar daripada penyakit. Kurang kefahaman dan ilmu berkaitan keselamatan makanan akan memberi implikasi negatif terhadap konsep halalan tayyiban yang boleh mengancam nyawa dan menjejaskan kesihatan. Konsep halalan tayyiban merangkumi aspek memelihara nyawa yang menjadi antara teras utama maqasid syariah. Maqasid syariah merupakan objektif pensyariatan hukum telah memberi kesan langsung kepada aspek keselamatan makanan dalam memelihara nyawa daripada sudut kesihatan badan. Kajian ini bertujuan untuk melihat kepentingan kefahaman tentang konsep halalan tayyiban di kalangan mahasiswa dalam memenuhi keperluan keselamatan makanan yang memberi impak kepada kesihatan tubuh, kemudian faktor ini dilihat dari sudut pandang maqasid syariah memelihara nyawa. Kajian ini berbentuk kualitatif dan menggunakan metode analisis kandungan dengan pengumpulan data yang terdiri daripada kitab, buku, dokumen, jurnal dan laman sesawang agensi yang terlibat. Data yang diperolehi dianalisis menggunakan metode tematik melalui pendekatan induktif bagi mencapai objektif kajian. Dapatan kajian menunjukkan bahawa kepentingan mahasiswa untuk memahami konsep halalan tayyiban kerana mempunyai kesan langsung kepada objektif syariah (maqasid syariah) memelihara nyawa yang dapat menjaga kepentingan tubuh daripada sudut keselamatan dan kesihatan. Oleh itu, para pelajar disarankan sentiasa meningkatkan kefahaman tentang halal dan tayyib terutama dalam pemakanan yang memberi kesan langsung kepada kesihatan badan dan keselamatan nyawa.</p> <p><em>The importance of understanding the concept of halalan tayyiban is an obligation for every individual Muslim. The importance of this understanding is not exclusive to Muslim students in higher education centers in the country. Lack of time and viral products are among the reasons why students tend to get food quickly, quickly, tasty, and according to the latest trends. Food that meets the criteria of halalan tayyiban can meet the body's needs to maintain health and avoid disease. Lack of understanding and knowledge related to food safety will have negative implications on the concept of halal tayyiban which can threaten life and affect health. The concept of halalan tayyiban includes the aspect of preserving life which is one of the main cores of maqasid shariah. Maqasid shariah is the objective of legal shariah and has had a direct impact on the aspect of food safety in preserving life from the point of view of body health and life. This study aims to see the importance of understanding the concept of halalan tayyiban among students in meeting food safety requirements that have an impact on the health of the body, then this factor is seen from the point of view of maqasid shariah preserving life. This study is qualitative in nature and uses content analysis methods with data collection consisting of books, documents, journals, and websites of the agencies involved. The data obtained were analyzed using the thematic method through an inductive approach to achieve the objectives of the study. The findings of the study show that it is important for students to understand the concept of halalan tayyiban because it has a direct impact on the objective of shariah (maqasid shariah) to preserve life that can take care of the body's interests from the point of view of safety and health. Therefore, the students are advised to always increase their understanding of halal and tayyib, especially in nutrition which has a direct impact on body health and life safety.</em></p> Khairul Hashim Nasharuddin Mohammad Mohd Sham Kamis Copyright (c) 2022 Journal of Management and Muamalah https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0 2022-11-30 2022-11-30 12 2 1 11 Aktiviti Fizikal dan Tahap Kesihatan Mental Semasa Pandemik Covid-19: Satu Tinjauan Awal http://jmm.kuisjournal.com/index.php/jurnal/article/view/129 <p>Kesan pandemik Covid-19 kepada masyarakat dunia khususnya rakyat Malaysia sangat besar terutamanya terhadap kesihatan mental dan kesihatan fizikal. Golongan muda terutamanya pelajar yang menuntut di institusi pengajian tinggi turut menerima tempias daripada gelombang wabak pandemik ini. Secara tidak langsung, golongan ini sangat cenderung untuk mengalami masalah kesihatan fizikal dan mental. Kajian ini merupakan satu tinjauan awal untuk mengenalpasti tahap aktiviti fizikal terhadap tahap kemurungan, kegelisahan dan tekanan dalam kalangan pelajar di Kolej Universiti Islam Antarabangsa Selangor (KUIS)emasa wabak pandemik Covid-19. Kaedah borang soal selidik digunakan dengan melibatkan seramai 45 orang pelajar yang dipilih secara persampelan bertujuan. Data diukur dengan menggunakan dua instumen soal selidik iaitu DASS 21 versi Bahasa Malaysia yang telah divalidasi bagi melihat tahap masalah kesihatan mental dalam kalangan pelajar. Manakala International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) digunakan untuk mengukur kekerapan aktiviti fizikal yang dilakukan oleh setiap responden. Analisis statistik deskriptif digunakan untuk mendapatkan kekerapan dan peratusan. Hasil kajian mendapati responden yang mengalami tekanan pada tahap sangat teruk adalah 2.22 peratus dan teruk adalah 15.56 peratus. Manakala responden yang mengalami kebimbangan pada tahap sangat teruk mencatatkan 26.67 peratus dan teruk 15.56 peratus. Bagi masalah kemurungan, responden yang mengalami kemurungan pada tahap teruk mencatatkan 13.33 peratus. Dapatan juga mendapati 44.44 peratus responden yang membuat aktiviti fizikal pada tahap kekerapan yang rendah dalam tempoh satu minggu semasa kajian dijalankan. Kesimpulannya, aktiviti fizikal yang konsisten atau beriadah memainkan peranan penting bagi untuk mengurangkan masalah tekanan, kebimbangan dan kemurungan bagi setiap individu.</p> <p><em>The impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on the world community, especially Malaysians, is huge, especially on mental health and physical health. Young people, especially students studying at institutions of higher learning, are also suffering from the wave of this pandemic. Indirectly, this group is very likely to experience physical and mental health problems. This study is a preliminary survey to identify the level of physical activity on the level of depression, anxiety, and stress among students at Selangor International Islamic University College during the Covid-19 pandemic. The questionnaire method was used by involving a total of 45 students who were selected by purposive sampling. Data was measured by using two questionnaire instruments, the DASS 21 Bahasa Malaysia version which has been validated to see the level of mental health problems among students. While the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) is used to measure the frequency of physical activity performed by each respondent. Descriptive statistical analysis was used to obtain frequencies and percentages. The results of the study found that 2.22 percent of respondents who experienced stress at a very severe level and 15.56 percent who were severely stressed. While respondents who experienced anxiety at a very severe level recorded 26.67 percent and severe 15.56 percent. For the problem of depression, respondents who experienced depression at a severe level registered 13.33 percent. Findings also found that 44.44 percent of respondents did physical activity at a low frequency level within one week during the study. In conclusion, consistent physical activity or recreation plays an important role in reducing the problem of stress, anxiety, and depression for everyone.</em></p> Noraznida Husin Marhaini Abdul Ghani Haliyana Tonot Copyright (c) 2022 Journal of Management and Muamalah https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0 2022-11-30 2022-11-30 12 2 12 21 Tekanan Guru ketika Pengajaran dan Pembelajaran secara dalam Talian: Suatu Kajian Tinjauan http://jmm.kuisjournal.com/index.php/jurnal/article/view/131 <p>Tekanan yang akhirnya menyebabkan kemurungan dalam kalangan guru menjadi semakin kritikal dan akhirnya memberi kesan negatif kepada prestasi kerja dan sekolah. Kajian ini dilaksanakan bertujuan mengenal pasti faktor yang mempengaruhi tekanan yang dihadapi oleh guru terutamanya yang melibatkan pengajaran dan pembelajaran secara dalam talian. Kajian ini berbentuk kajian tinjauan melibatkan data kuantitatif melibatkan pemboleh ubah tidak bersandar iaitu tekanan kerja guru dan komunikasi terhadap pemboleh ubah bersandar yakni tahap tekanan guru itu sendiri. Beberapa cadangan dalam menangani tekanan dalam kalangan guru juga dikenalpasti dalam kajian ini, Borang kaji selidik secara dalam talian menggunakan google form adalah instrumen kajian yang diedarkan kepada 123 orang guru di sekolah menengah kebangsaan dan sekolah menengah agama. Data dianalisis secara deskriptif dan inferensi menggunakan perisian Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) versi 26.0 bagi mendapatkan nilai min dan hubungan kolerasi Pearson. Dapatan kajian ini menunjukkan bahawa pemboleh ubah tidak bersandar iaitu komunikasi mempunyai hubungan signifikan dengan pemboleh ubah bersandar iaitu tekanan guru ketika pengajaran dan pembelajaran. Peranan ibu bapa sangat penting dalam membantu meringankan tekanan yang dihadapi oleh guru dengan memantau kerja sekolah anak di rumah. Pihak sekolah dan kerajaan juga perlu turut sama membantu menyediakan kemudahan teknologi yang diperlukan oleh guru bagi memudahkan dan melancarkan pengajaran secara dalam talian.</p> <p><em>The stress that eventually causes depression among teachers becomes increasingly critical which ultimately has a negative impact on work performance and the institution. This study was carried out with the aim of identifying the factors that affect the pressure on teachers, especially those involving online teaching and learning. This study is a survey study involving quantitative data using work stress and communication as independent variable towards the stress among teachers as dependent variable. Some recommendations in dealing with stress among teachers are also identified in this study. An online survey form using google form is an instrument which distributed to 123 teachers in national secondary schools and religious secondary schools. Data was analyzed descriptively and inferentially by using the Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) version 26.0 software to obtain the mean value and Pearson's correlation between each independent variable and the dependent variable. The findings of this study show that the independent variable which is the level of communication has a significant relationship with the dependent variable which is the teacher's pressure in teaching and learning. The role of parents is very important in helping to reduce the pressure faced by teachers when monitoring their children's school work at home. The school and the government also need to help provide the technology facilities needed by teachers to facilitate and launch online teaching.</em></p> Hazlin Falina Rosli Norziah Othman Muhammad Imamuddin Ab Razak Copyright (c) 2022 Journal of Management and Muamalah https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0 2022-11-30 2022-11-30 12 2 22 30 The Project Managers and Relation with I.R 4.0(Industrial Revolution 4.0) Tools to Overcome and Solution to the Problem of Delay for Malaysian Construction Project http://jmm.kuisjournal.com/index.php/jurnal/article/view/132 <p>In this Industrial Revolution 4.0 (I.R 4.0) era, the participation of government bodies like Public Work Department (PWD/JKR), Construction Industrial Development Board (CIDB), professional body Contractor Service Center (PKK), along with independent body like Board of Engineers (BOE), Board of Architect (BOA), Board of Quantity Surveyor (BQSM), as well as private consultants and contractors, is primarily crucial in solving and finding possible solutions on how to mitigate problems that occur in construction projects. This research will cover the subtopic of the detection of difficulties in construction projects, which is directly related to the main subject of delay. The research focus as qualitative mixed-method and 150 respondents were chosen randomly from construction industry background and due to pandemic Covid-19 restriction, only 43 of them responded to participate for semi-structured interview and a google form questionnaire. The responses are from Klang's Valley construction industry. The google form was distributed by email using Likert scale with level 1-4 and validation of data by SPSS software is employed in this research's. The semi-structured interview were conducted via tele-conversation and transcripted where later transferred to Nvivo software for validation.Lack on communication is the major findings The contribution of I.R.4.0 to government bodies, private sector and education are about time saving on communication and fast action on mitigating the problems for construction industry. For future research, the suggestion for the observation and grounded theory to be conducted for more depth information.</p> <p><em>Di dalam era Revolusi 4.0 (I.R 4.0) ini, penglibatan badan-badan kerajaan seperti Jabatan Kerja Raya (JKR/PWD), Lembaga Pembangunan Industri Pembinaan (CIDB), badan profesional seperti Pusat Khidmat Kontraktor (PKK), badan bebas seperti Lembaga Kejuruteraan (BOE), Lembaga Arkitek (BOA), Lembaga Juruukur Bahan Malaysia (BQSM), bersama dengan para perunding swasta dan para kontraktor, sangat penting dalam dapatan kebarangkalian menyelesaikan atau mengurangkan masalah yang muncul dalam projek pembinaan. Kajiselidik ini akan merangkumi tajuk kecil mengenai pengesanan kepayahan di dalam projek pembinaan. Di mana secara langsung terkait kepada tajuk utama mengenai kelewatan. Kajian ini menumpukan kualitatif kaedah campuran di mana seramai 150 orang telah dipilih secara rawak dari kalangan yang latarbelakang dalam bidang pembinaan ini. Oleh kerana kekangan Covid-19, hanya 43 orang sahaja yang mengambil bahagian untuk temuduga separuh struktur serta soal-selidik melaui borang google. Yang mengambil bahagian adalah dari sebahagian industri pembinaan di Lembah Klang. Borang soal-selidik diedarkan melalui emel dengan kaedah skala Likert dari tahap 1-4 dan pengesahan data oleh perisian SPSS digunakan untuk kajiselidik ini. Soal-selidik separuh struktur ini dijalankan melalui telefon dan diterjemah dimana sesudah itu di analisis melalui perisian Nvivo untuk pengesahan. Sumbangan I.R 4.0 kepada badan kerajaan, sektor swasta dan bidang pengajian adalah mengenai penjimatan masa dalam berkomunikasi dan tindakan pantas dalam usaha mengurangkan masalah pada industri pembinaan. Bagi kajiselidik di masa hadapan, dicadangkan agar kerja pemerhatian dan teori asas dijalankan untuk mendapatkan maklumat yang lebih mendalam.</em></p> Mohd Haris Mohd Sa’ad Siti Sarah Herman Aznida Azlan Copyright (c) 2022 Journal of Management and Muamalah https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0 2022-11-30 2022-11-30 12 2 31 48 Impact of the Development of Financial Sector on the Real Production Sector in ASEAN Countries http://jmm.kuisjournal.com/index.php/jurnal/article/view/133 <p>Sustainable economic growth depends on the ability to raise the rates of accumulation of physical and human capital, to use the resulting productive assets more efficiently, and to ensure the access of the whole population to these assets. Financial development helps economic growth through allocation of scarce investments to various sectors. The countries in ASEAN region are in different stages of development process. Singapore is considered to be a developed country with GDP per capita competing with the richest countries in the world. Malaysia, Indonesia, Thailand Brunei Darussalam and Philippines are significantly developing countries with large populations and consumer base. Laos PDR, Cambodia, Vietnam and Myanmar are the countries in the least developed countries in the region. The development of financial sector is one of crucial factor to the overall development of real economic sector. This study attempts to analyse the impact of development of financial sector on the real sector according to different stages of development. The study evaluates the development of financial sector using level of domestic lending and market capitalization as independent variable and the dependent variable, GDP growth rate as an indicator for growth of real sector. The study carried regression analysis to explain the variation in the dependent variable. The results indicate that the GDP growth of Malaysia and Thailand is significantly explained by the growth of domestic lending. Because of the lack of data available for countries, Vietnam, Laos PDR, Brunei Darussalam, Cambodia and Myanmar may there were no significant statistical evidence to relationship among selected variables. This outcome of the study has certain limitation and results may different if other variables were applied. However, the study contributes significant insight to relevant stakeholders to understand the impact of the financial sector to the real sector.</p> <p><em>Pertumbuhan ekonomi yang mampan bergantung kepada keupayaan untuk meningkatkan kadar pengumpulan modal fizikal dan insan, untuk menggunakan aset produktif yang terhasil dengan lebih cekap, dan untuk memastikan akses seluruh penduduk kepada aset ini. Pembangunan kewangan membantu pertumbuhan ekonomi melalui peruntukan pelaburan yang terhad kepada pelbagai sektor. Negara-negara di rantau ASEAN berada dalam pelbagai peringkat proses pembangunan. Singapura dianggap sebagai negara maju dengan KDNK per kapita bersaing dengan negara terkaya di dunia. Malaysia, Indonesia, Thailand Brunei Darussalam dan Filipina merupakan negara membangun dengan ketara dengan populasi dan jumlah pengguna yang besar. Laos PDR, Kemboja, Vietnam dan Myanmar adalah negara-negara di negara paling kurang membangun di rantau ini. Pembangunan sektor kewangan merupakan salah satu faktor penting kepada pembangunan keseluruhan sektor ekonomi sebenar. Kajian ini cuba menganalisis kesan pembangunan sektor kewangan terhadap sektor sebenar mengikut peringkat pembangunan yang berbeza. Kajian ini menilai perkembangan sektor kewangan menggunakan tahap pinjaman domestik dan permodalan pasaran sebagai pembolehubah bebas dan pembolehubah bersandar, kadar pertumbuhan KDNK sebagai penunjuk pertumbuhan sektor sebenar. Kajian ini menjalankan analisis regresi untuk menjelaskan variasi dalam pembolehubah bersandar. Keputusan menunjukkan bahawa pertumbuhan KDNK Malaysia dan Thailand dijelaskan dengan ketara oleh pertumbuhan pinjaman domestik. Oleh kerana kekurangan data yang terdapat di negara, Vietnam, Laos PDR, Brunei Darussalam, Kemboja dan Myanmar menunjukkan kemungkinan tiada bukti statistik yang signifikan untuk hubungan antara pembolehubah terpilih. Hasil kajian ini mempunyai had tertentu dan keputusan mungkin berbeza jika pembolehubah lain digunakan. Walau bagaimanapun, kajian ini menyumbangkan pandangan yang signifikan kepada pihak berkepentingan yang berkaitan untuk memahami kesan sektor kewangan kepada sektor sebenar.</em></p> Mohamed Noordeen Mohamed Imtiyaz Dzuljastri Abdul Razak Copyright (c) 2022 Journal of Management and Muamalah https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0 2022-11-30 2022-11-30 12 2 49 67 The Relationship between Corporate Governance and Corporate Sustainability Performance in Malaysia http://jmm.kuisjournal.com/index.php/jurnal/article/view/134 <p>This study aims to investigate the effect of good corporate governance (GCG) on corporate sustainability performance (CSP) using an agency theory approach in a single-tier good corporate governance system. Corporate sustainability performance consists of economic, social, and environment sustainability performance. The study sample consists of 257 public companies listed on Bursa Malaysia for 2016, 2017 and 2018. The study considers a set of insightful theories, namely, the agency theories of understanding the motives of sustainability reporting and how the board convey signal to the market and fulfil the stakeholder’s expectation. The study used secondary data, extracted from the annual reports of the public listed companies in Bursa Malaysia. Multiple regression analysis was used to test the hypotheses. The dependent variable corporate sustainability performance was measured using the Global Reporting Index (GRI). The independent variables were board size, board meeting, board ownership and board independence. The results show positive relationship between board ownership, board meeting and board size with corporate sustainability performance, while board independent was not significant. The findings shows that corporate governance elements have very strong influential power in the company for disclosing the sustainability activities in order to send positive signals to the market and ensuring that the companies meet the demand from stakeholders. Therefore, the findings should provide input to the regulatory bodies in Malaysia in evaluating that good corporate governance will influence the sustainability performance in public listed companies in Malaysia.</p> <p><em>Kajian ini bertujuan untuk menyiasat kesan tadbir urus korporat yang baik terhadap prestasi kelestarian korporat (CSP) menggunakan pendekatan teori agensi dalam sistem tadbir urus korporat yang berpusat. Prestasi kelestarian korporat terdiri daripada prestasi kelestarian ekonomi, sosial dan alam sekitar. Sampel kajian terdiri daripada 257 syarikat awam yang tersenarai di Bursa Malaysia bagi tahun 2016, 2017 dan 2018. Kajian ini mengguna pakai teori agensi bagi mengenalpasti motif pelaporan prestasi kelestarian yang dilakukan oleh syarikat dan bagaimana ahli lembaga pengarah menggunakannya sebagai isyarat kepada pasaran dan bagi memenuhi kehendak pihak berkepentingan. Kajian ini menggunakan data sekunder, yang diambil daripada laporan tahunan syarikat awam tersenarai di Bursa Malaysia. Analisis regresi berganda digunakan untuk menguji hipotesis. Pemboleh ubah bersandar iaitu prestasi kelestarian, diukur menggunakan Indeks Pelaporan Global (GRI). Pembolehubah tidak bersandar ialah saiz lembaga pengarah, mesyuarat lembaga pengarah, pemilikan lembaga pengarah dan kebebasan lembaga pengarah. Dapatan kajian menunjukkan hubungan positif antara pemilikan lembaga pengarah, mesyuarat lembaga pengarah dan saiz lembaga pengarah dengan prestasi kelestarian korporat, manakala kebebasan lembaga pengarah tidak mempunyai hubungan yang signifikan. Dapatan kajian menunjukkan bahawa elemen tadbir urus korporat sangat berpengaruh dalam syarikat bagi melaporkan aktiviti kelestarian untuk menghantar isyarat positif kepada pasaran dan bagi memastikan syarikat memenuhi permintaan daripada pihak berkepentingan. Oleh itu, Dapatan kajian diharapkan dapat memberi input kepada badan kawal selia di Malaysia dalam menilai bahawa tadbir urus korporat yang baik akan mempengaruhi prestasi kelestarian korporat dalam syarikat awam tersenarai di Malaysia</em><em>.</em></p> Zainab Aman Sri Wahyu Sakina Ahmad Sanusi Nur Suriana Awaludin Copyright (c) 2022 Journal of Management and Muamalah https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0 2022-11-30 2022-11-30 12 2 68 79 The Influence of Big Five Personality on Lecturer's Performance in Private University, Malaysia http://jmm.kuisjournal.com/index.php/jurnal/article/view/136 <p>In universities, lecturers are an essential group that provides the main services to the universities. Their roles and quality are important to meet the university's inspiration and goals. In private Higher Education Institutions (HEIs), lecturers hold multiple roles, such as teaching, research and publication, and administrative positions. Ignoring their well-being could be detrimental to the individual as well as to the university as a whole. This study aims to explore the effect of the big five personality of lecturers towards job performance in the context of private HEIs in Malaysia. This study's data was collected using random sampling techniques from the selected private HEIs. A set of questionnaires are used for the data gathering from 260 full-time lecturers as respondent. The data were analyzed using the Structural Equation Modelling techniques using AMOS 22 version software. The study result supports two of the five hypotheses tested. The findings showed that Conscientiousness and Openness significantly influence the lecturer's job performance. At the same time, Extraversion, Agreeableness and Neuroticism do not significantly influence the lecturer's job performance. This study contributes immensely to the literature and suggests how the big five personality contribute to individual job performance. The findings indicate that the management of HEIs can improve and nurture individual factors' effectiveness, leading to a lecturer's job performance. Finally, the study's limitations, conclusion and suggestions for future research direction were discussed.</p> <p><em>Di universiti, pensyarah adalah kumpulan penting yang menyediakan perkhidmatan utama kepada universiti. Peranan dan kualiti mereka adalah penting bagi memenuhi inspirasi dan matlamat universiti. Di Institusi Pendidikan Tinggi (IPT) swasta, pensyarah memegang pelbagai peranan, seperti pengajaran, penyelidikan dan penerbitan, dan jawatan pentadbiran. Mengabaikan kesejahteraan mereka boleh memudaratkan individu dan juga universiti secara keseluruhan. Kajian ini bertujuan untuk meneroka kesan personaliti lima utama pensyarah terhadap prestasi kerja dalam konteks IPT swasta di Malaysia. Data kajian ini dikumpul menggunakan teknik persampelan rawak daripada IPT swasta terpilih. Satu set soal selidik digunakan untuk pengumpulan data daripada 260 pensyarah sepenuh masa sebagai responden. Data dianalisis menggunakan teknik Structural Equation Modeling melalui perisian AMOS versi 22. Hasil kajian menyokong dua daripada lima hipotesis yang diuji. Dapatan kajian menunjukkan personaliti Ketelitian (Conscientiousness) dan Keterbukaan (Openness) mempunyai pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap prestasi kerja pensyarah. Pada masa yang sama, Extraversi (Extraversion), Keserasian (Agreeableness) dan Neurotisme (Neuroticism) tidak mempunyai pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap prestasi kerja pensyarah. Kajian ini memberi sumbangan yang besar kepada literatur dan mencadangkan bagaimana personaliti lima utama menyumbang kepada prestasi kerja individu. Dapatan kajian menunjukkan bahawa pengurusan IPT boleh menambah baik dan memupuk keberkesanan faktor individu, yang membawa kepada prestasi kerja pensyarah. Akhir sekali, batasan kajian, kesimpulan dan cadangan untuk hala tuju kajian masa hadapan telah dibincangkan.</em></p> Alawiyah Tengah Abdul Rahim Zumrah Copyright (c) 2022 Journal of Management and Muamalah https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0 2022-11-30 2022-11-30 12 2 80 101 Entrepreneurial Leadership and SMEs’ Performance: The Antecedent Role of Digital Transformation Readiness http://jmm.kuisjournal.com/index.php/jurnal/article/view/114 <p>The primary goal of this paper is to investigate whether digital transformation readiness (technological, organizational, and environmental model) influences entrepreneurial leadership and, if so, to what extent this entrepreneurial leadership affects SMEs' performance. To achieve the study's objective, 337 responses were collected from SMEs' employees (at all administrative levels) in Oman, using the technological, organizational, and environmental (TOE) model. SmartPLS 3 software was used to test hypotheses using structural equation modelling. The findings show that entrepreneurial leadership is positively and significantly influenced by technological and organizational factors. While environmental factors do not have such a significant effect. Furthermore, entrepreneurial leadership positively influenced SMEs performance. Technological and organizational factors can enhance entrepreneurial leadership among SMEs employees in developing economies, which reflected positively on their SMEs’ performance. Therefore, decision-makers in SMEs consider those factors while preparing the strategic planning and consider digital transformation as a vital antecedent for enhancing the whole performance of their enterprises. Despite the priority that should be given to technological and organizational factors, environmental factors should be more considered.</p> <p><em>Matlamat utama kertas ini adalah untuk menyiasat sama ada kesediaan transformasi digital (model teknologi, organisasi dan alam sekitar) mempengaruhi kepimpinan keusahawanan dan, jika ya, sejauh mana kepimpinan keusahawanan ini mempengaruhi prestasi PKS. Untuk mencapai objektif kajian, 337 maklum balas telah dikumpulkan daripada pekerja PKS (di semua peringkat pentadbiran) di Oman, menggunakan model teknologi, organisasi dan alam sekitar (TOE). Perisian SmartPLS 3 digunakan untuk menguji hipotesis menggunakan pemodelan persamaan struktur. Dapatan kajian menunjukkan kepimpinan keusahawanan dipengaruhi secara positif dan signifikan oleh faktor teknologi dan organisasi. Sedangkan faktor persekitaran tidak memberikan kesan yang begitu ketara. Tambahan pula, kepimpinan keusahawanan mempengaruhi prestasi PKS secara positif. Faktor teknologi dan organisasi boleh meningkatkan kepimpinan keusahawanan dalam kalangan pekerja PKS dalam membangun ekonomi, yang mencerminkan prestasi PKS mereka secara positif. Oleh itu, pembuat keputusan dalam PKS mempertimbangkan faktor tersebut semasa menyediakan perancangan strategik dan mempertimbangkan transformasi digital sebagai pendahulu yang penting untuk meningkatkan keseluruhan prestasi perusahaan mereka. Walaupun keutamaan yang harus diberikan kepada faktor teknologi dan organisasi, faktor persekitaran harus lebih dipertimbangkan.</em></p> Raghad Aldaas Rosmah Mohamed Mass Hareeza Norazlin Ismail Copyright (c) 2022 Journal of Management and Muamalah https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0 2022-11-30 2022-11-30 12 2 102 125 Expectation vs Reality: A Study on the Perceptions of Shariah Committee on the Shariah Audit Practice in Malaysian Takaful Industry http://jmm.kuisjournal.com/index.php/jurnal/article/view/135 <p>The growth in the development of Islamic financial system is contributing to the positive demands of the goods and services provided by Islamic financial institutions. Some of them could, however, have overlooked certain factors that could influence the enforcement of goods and services with Shariah. The occurrence of a risk of shariah non-compliance may adversely affect the credibility of Islamic finance and the trust among market participants. This is where shariah audit function play an important role in ensuring the good internal control for shariah compliance. Shariah Committee also as one of the components of Shariah governance have to be responsible for every Shariah matters in IFI. The aim of this study is to examine the existence of the gap between the expectations of Shariah Committee and the actual practice of shariah audit. Twenty one (21) semi-structured interviews were conducted involving selected auditors and Shariah committee members from each of Takaful Operators. Thematic analyses were adopted to analyse the data. It can be deduced that there is a gap between the expectations of Shariah Committee and the actual practice of shariah audit which provide the area of improvement in the future.</p> <p><em>Pertumbuhan dalam pembangunan sistem kewangan Islam menyumbang kepada permintaan yang positif bagi produk dan perkhidmatan yang disediakan oleh institusi kewangan Islam. Walau bagaimanapun, faktor tertentu yang boleh mempengaruhi penguatkuasaan produk dan perkhidmatan patuh syariah tidak diberi perhatian sepenuhnya oleh beberapa pihak. Oleh itu, terdapat kejadian dimana telah berlakunya risiko ketidakpatuhan syariah yang boleh menjejaskan kredibiliti kewangan Islam dan kepercayaan di kalangan pelanggan. Maka, di sinilah fungsi audit syariah memainkan peranan penting dalam memastikan kawalan dalaman yang baik untuk pematuhan syariah. Jawatankuasa Syariah yang dilantik juga merupakan salah satu komponen tadbir urus Syariah perlu bertanggungjawab ke atas setiap perkara Syariah di Institusi kewangan Islam itu sendiri. Objektif utama kajian ini adalah untuk mengkaji wujudnya jurang antara jangkaan Jawatankuasa Syariah dan amalan sebenar audit syariah. Dua puluh satu (21) temu bual separa berstruktur telah dijalankan melibatkan juruaudit terpilih dan ahli jawatankuasa Syariah daripada setiap Pengendali Takaful. Dayta Analisis tematik telah digunakan untuk menganalisis data. Melalui hasil kajian, ia dapat disimpulkan bahawa terdapat jurang antara jangkaan Jawatankuasa Syariah dan amalan sebenar audit syariah yang menyediakan ruang penambahbaikan pada masa hadapan.</em></p> Noor Aimi Mohamad Puad Copyright (c) 2022 Journal of Management and Muamalah https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0 2022-11-30 2022-11-30 12 2 126 143 Foreign Bank Entry and Domestic Banks Profitability: The Role of Financial Freedom http://jmm.kuisjournal.com/index.php/jurnal/article/view/124 <p>This paper aims to determine the role of financial freedom in foreign bank entry and Malaysian domestic banks’ profitability relationships over the period of 2001–2020. Return on Asset (RoA) on Malaysian domestic bank datasets is used in measuring bank profitability over the year of 2001-2020 periods. The finding showed that financial freedom does not significantly influence the foreign bank entry and domestic bank profitability relationship and suggests the need for the authority to persistently review the regulation or deregulation of the commencing regulatory perseverance that determines financial freedom. Precisely, the findings demonstrate the importance of the authority’s constant re-evaluation of their degree of interference with the freedom of the domestic banking sector. Those are important features to be implemented by the authority in the process of ascertaining the significant positive impacts of financial freedom on foreign banks entry and domestic banks’ profitability relationships.</p> <p><em>Kajian ini bertujuan untuk mengenal pasti fungsi kebebasan kewangan terhadap hubungan di antara bank asing dan keuntungan bank tempatan untuk tempuh tahun 2001–2020. Data Pulangan ke atas Aset bank-bank tempatan Malaysia digunakan untuk mengukur kadar keuntungan bank tempatan bagi tempuh kajian tersebut. Penemuan kajian ini menunjukan bahawa </em><em>kebebasan kewangan tidak memberi kesan yang signifikan dalam memengaruhi hubungan di antara bank asing dan keuntungan bank tempatan. Kajian ini mencadangkan agar pihak berautoriti untuk melihat dan mengkaji semula secara berterusan dalam proses untuk meningkatkan atau menurunkan tahap kebebasan kewangan di sektor perbankan tempatan. Ianya merupakan usaha yang penting dalam memastikan bahawa kebebasan kewangan adalah memberi impak positif kepada </em><em>hubungan di antara bank asing dan keuntungan bank tempatan di Malaysia.</em></p> Mohamad Sofuan Mohamad Saleh Sarifah Ismail Norfaizah Othman Noor Raudhiah Abu Bakar Copyright (c) 2022 Journal of Management and Muamalah https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0 2022-11-30 2022-11-30 12 2 144 165